Category: Magazine

Proposed Development Impact: Traffic Infrastructure Concerns

In 2014, Hampshire County Council (HCC) Highways indicated that due to the number of SHLAA sites and the combined effects these developments might have on the A31 and the junctions of Boyneswood Road and Lymington Bottom Road, an EIA should be requested. Despite this recommendation, no EIA has been conducted in the village to date.

Bottle Neck Roads


Railway Crossings: The primary access routes from Medstead to the A31 include two bottleneck roads, one under and one over the railway track. These bottlenecks only allow one direction of traffic at a time, significantly restricting traffic flow and creating congestion.

Traffic Flow: The restricted traffic flow at these bottlenecks will be exacerbated by additional development, leading to increased delays and potential safety hazards.

A31 Traffic Volume

Busy Road: The A31 is already a very busy road, handling substantial traffic volumes daily. Adding more vehicles from new developments without proper infrastructure improvements will worsen traffic conditions.

Safety Concerns: Increased traffic congestion can lead to higher risks of accidents, posing a danger to both local residents and commuters.

Infrastructure Modernisation

Cost Inefficiency: Modernising the bottleneck junctions to support further development would not be cost-effective. The financial burden of such extensive upgrades would likely outweigh the benefits, considering the scale and impact required.

Village Impact: The execution of modernisation efforts would significantly disrupt the village. Construction activities would lead to increased noise, dust, and temporary road closures, negatively affecting the quality of life for residents.

In conclusion, I strongly urge the planning authorities to reject the current application. The significant unresolved traffic issues and the lack of a comprehensive EIA highlight the unfeasibility of further development in Medstead at this time. Ensuring that the infrastructure can support additional traffic without compromising safety and quality of life for residents is paramount. The historical context provided by HCC Highways’ 2014 indication underscores the necessity of this assessment.

Permitting this development without addressing these critical issues would not only be imprudent but also potentially harmful to the community. Therefore, I request that this planning application be denied until a thorough and comprehensive EIA is conducted and adequate infrastructure improvements are planned and implemented.

References

The term “zone of influence of all development proposals” refers to the geographical area that is affected by a proposed development

This zone encompasses not only the immediate vicinity of the development site but also the surrounding areas that may experience direct or indirect impacts due to the development. These impacts can include environmental, social, economic, and infrastructural changes.

Key Components of the Zone of Influence

1. Environmental Impact:

  • Air Quality: Areas affected by changes in air quality due to increased traffic or industrial activity.
  • Water Resources: Regions impacted by changes in water usage, potential pollution, or alterations in drainage patterns.
  • Wildlife and Habitats: Zones where local flora and fauna might be affected by habitat loss, fragmentation, or changes in the ecosystem.

2. Social and Economic Impact:

  • Population Density: Areas that might see changes in population density due to new housing developments.
  • Local Economy: Regions that could experience economic growth or decline depending on the nature of the development (e.g., new businesses, employment opportunities).
  • Community Services: Impact on local services such as schools, healthcare, and recreational facilities.

3. Infrastructural Impact:

  • Transportation Networks: Zones where traffic patterns, road usage, and public transportation might be affected.
  • Utilities: Areas influenced by changes in the demand for utilities like electricity, water, and sewage.

4. Aesthetic and Cultural Impact:

  • Visual Impact: Changes in the landscape or skyline that affect the visual aesthetics of the area.
  • Cultural Heritage: Regions where historical or cultural sites might be impacted by the development.

Importance in Planning

Understanding the zone of influence is crucial in the planning and assessment process for several reasons:

1. Comprehensive Impact Assessment: It ensures that all potential impacts of the development are identified and assessed, not just those within the immediate vicinity of the site.


2. Stakeholder Engagement: It helps identify all stakeholders who might be affected by the development, ensuring that their concerns are considered.


3. Mitigation Measures: It allows for the development of effective mitigation strategies to address any negative impacts within the entire zone of influence.


4. Sustainable Development: It supports the principles of sustainable development by ensuring that environmental, social, and economic factors are balanced and managed.

Conclusion

The “zone of influence of all development proposals” is a comprehensive concept that encompasses all areas affected by a proposed development.

Properly identifying and assessing this zone is critical to ensuring that the development is sustainable, that all potential impacts are managed, and that the needs and concerns of all affected stakeholders are addressed.

In 2024, Sweden introduced further measures to enforce the use of plain language across all public administration

Sweden has a history of encouraging plain language use in government. As early as 1986, the Law of Administration (1986:223, article 7) required government authorities to express themselves in a comprehensible manner. Additionally, the Government Authorities and Agencies Ordinance (1995:1322, article 7) stipulated that director-generals ensure plain Swedish is used in official documents.

In 2024, Sweden introduced further measures to enforce the use of plain language across all public administration. This new law is part of ongoing efforts by the Plain Swedish Group, which has been active in promoting clear communication since its establishment by the government in 1993. The group provides guidelines, organizes conferences, and evaluates the comprehensibility of government texts to ensure they are user-friendly.

The main goal of this law is to enhance transparency and accessibility in government communications, making it easier for citizens to understand and engage with administrative processes. This is seen as a crucial step in ensuring democratic access and efficiency in public administration.

By ensuring clear communication, Sweden aims to eliminate barriers that complex administrative language can create, thereby promoting greater public participation and trust in government processes.

For more detailed information, you can refer to resources from the Plain Language website and related publications on the topic.

Settlement formats such as villages in South East England hold significant heritage value

Settlement formats such as villages in South East England hold significant heritage value, especially in the context of increasing pressure for urbanisation. These villages often have deep historical roots, with their layout, architecture, and cultural practices reflecting centuries of tradition and community development.


As urbanisation pressures intensify, preserving these village settlements becomes crucial for maintaining the region’s cultural identity and heritage. They serve as tangible links to the past, showcasing the evolution of society, economy, and architecture over time.


Furthermore, villages often offer a more sustainable and harmonious way of living, with close-knit communities, green spaces, and a slower pace of life. As urban areas expand, preserving these village settlements becomes not only a matter of heritage conservation but also a means of promoting alternative and more balanced forms of development.


Therefore, recognising village settlements as heritage in the face of urbanization pressures is essential for safeguarding their unique character, fostering community cohesion, and promoting sustainable development practices.

References

Prioritising new settlements and town extensions over significant extensions to villages promotes long-term sustainability by planning for future growth in a strategic and proactive manner

Rural villages in Southeast England represent an important aspect of the region’s cultural heritage, embodying a rich tapestry of history, architecture, traditions, and natural beauty. Protecting and preserving these villages is essential for safeguarding their cultural significance and ensuring that future generations can continue to appreciate and enjoy their unique charm and character.

Urbanising villages without adequately addressing infrastructure needs can exacerbate existing strains on legacy infrastructure and does not represent effective or sustainable approach to addressing housing shortages. Legacy infrastructure in rural areas is not designed to accommodate the increased population density. Upgrading or expanding infrastructure to meet the needs of a larger population can be costly and time-consuming.

Therefore, prioritising new settlements and town extensions over significant extensions to villages is a key strategy for achieving sustainable development. By concentrating development in designated areas, we can promote efficient land use, protect the environment, enhance quality of life, and create thriving, resilient communities for the future. It is because:

New settlements and town extensions allow for more efficient land use by consolidating development in designated areas. This helps to minimise urban sprawl and preserve valuable agricultural land, natural habitats, and green spaces surrounding existing communities.

Developing new settlements and town extensions provides an opportunity to plan and design infrastructure in a coordinated and sustainable manner. This includes transportation networks, utilities, schools, healthcare facilities, and community amenities, ensuring that they are strategically located and efficiently serve residents’ needs.

Concentrating development in new settlements and town extensions helps to protect and conserve environmentally sensitive areas, such as wildlife habitats, water resources, and natural landscapes. By avoiding significant extensions to villages, we can mitigate habitat fragmentation, reduce pollution, and safeguard biodiversity.

Well-designed new settlements and town extensions can promote sustainable lifestyles by incorporating features such as pedestrian-friendly streets, cycling paths, public transit systems, and access to amenities within walking distance. This encourages active transportation, reduces reliance on cars, and promotes healthier, more sustainable communities.

Developing new settlements and town extensions provides an opportunity to foster social cohesion and community integration. By planning for diverse housing options, mixed-income neighbourhoods, and inclusive public spaces, we can create vibrant, inclusive communities where residents feel connected and supported.

New settlements and town extensions can stimulate economic growth and create opportunities for employment, entrepreneurship, and investment. By attracting businesses, industries, and services to designated growth areas, we can create sustainable economic hubs that support local prosperity and resilience.

Prioritising new settlements and town extensions over significant extensions to villages promotes long-term sustainability by planning for future growth in a strategic and proactive manner. By considering the environmental, social, and economic implications of development decisions, we can create resilient, adaptable communities that thrive for generations to come.

In the context of housing land supply, local authorities should prioritise the allocation of land that optimally supports sustainable development principles. Sacrificing the character and well-being of villages to meet EHDC targets in ways that result in unjustifiable waste is unacceptable.

References

Overuse of the Tilted Balance Mechanism

The tilted balance mechanism is designed to address situations where local planning policies are out-of-date or where there is an insufficient supply of deliverable housing sites. While this mechanism can be effective in promoting sustainable development, its overuse can indicate deeper systemic issues:

Organizational Continuity vs. Systemic Failures:

The tilted balance is meant to ensure organisational continuity by allowing necessary development to proceed despite outdated policies. However, continuous reliance on this mechanism suggests a failure in the planning system, either due to local authorities’ incapability or unrealistic housing targets set without considering local circumstances.

Impact of Incompetent Local Authorities:

If local authorities are consistently failing to deliver within their targets, it may reflect a lack of capacity, resources, or competence in managing and planning development. This could lead to reactive rather than proactive planning, undermining the principles of sustainable development.

Unrealistic Housing Targets:

Housing targets set without a realistic understanding of local conditions, infrastructure capacities, and community needs can lead to impractical planning goals. These targets may not take into account the distribution of housing needs across the nation, leading to localized pressures and unsustainable development practices.

Alternative Approaches

To address these issues, several alternative approaches should be considered:

1. National Housing Development Distribution:

A more balanced and equitable distribution of housing development across the country can alleviate pressures on specific areas. This approach ensures that housing needs are met without overburdening particular regions, promoting regional development and reducing urban sprawl.

2. Capacity Building for Local Authorities:

Investing in the capacity and resources of local planning authorities can improve their ability to manage and plan development effectively. This includes training, increased funding, and access to planning expertise.

3. Realistic and Flexible Housing Targets:

Setting realistic and flexible housing targets that reflect local conditions and capacities is crucial. This includes considering factors such as infrastructure, environmental constraints, and community needs.

4. Comprehensive Review of Planning Policies:

Regular reviews and updates of local planning policies ensure they remain relevant and effective in guiding sustainable development. This proactive approach can reduce the reliance on the tilted balance mechanism.

Conclusion

Overreliance on the tilted balance mechanism to grant planning permissions highlights systemic issues in local planning processes and housing target setting. Continuous failure to meet housing targets in a controlled manner may stem from incapable local authorities or unrealistic targets. Addressing these issues requires a multifaceted approach, including better distribution of housing development, capacity building for local authorities, realistic target setting, and comprehensive policy reviews. Ensuring sustainable development should remain the primary goal, balancing economic, social, and environmental considerations to foster resilient and thriving communities.

Tilted Balance

The “tilted balance” is applied when assessing planning applications, particularly under specific circumstances where local planning policies are not up-to-date or where there is an insufficient supply of deliverable housing sites. This approach ensures that development needs, particularly housing, are met in a timely and sustainable manner.

Key Situations for Applying Tilted Balance

Lack of a Five-Year Housing Land Supply

If the local planning authority cannot demonstrate a five-year supply of deliverable housing sites, the “tilted balance” comes into play. This shifts the presumption towards granting planning permission to address the shortfall.

Out-of-Date Policies

If local planning policies are considered out-of-date, such as when they do not align with current national policies or do not reflect recent development needs, the “tilted balance” favours granting permission unless there are significant adverse impacts.

Principle

Under the “tilted balance,” planning permission should be granted unless:

1. The adverse impacts of granting permission would significantly and demonstrably outweigh the benefits when assessed against the policies in the NPPF taken as a whole.

2. Specific policies in the NPPF indicate that development should be restricted.

Application in Decision-Making

1. Assessment of Benefits and Harms: Decision-makers must carefully weigh the benefits of the proposed development (such as addressing housing shortages and economic growth) against any potential harms (such as environmental impact, loss of green space, and infrastructure strain).

2. Sustainable Development: The core aim is to promote sustainable development. Even if a development has some negative impacts, it may still be approved if the overall benefits, particularly in terms of sustainability, are deemed greater.

Example Scenario:

A local authority in a rural area has not updated its Local Development Plan for several years and cannot demonstrate a five-year supply of housing land. A developer proposes a new housing estate on the edge of a village. Despite some concerns about increased traffic and pressure on local services, the development would provide much-needed affordable housing and contribute to the local economy.

In this case, the “tilted balance” would likely be applied. The planning authority would assess whether the adverse impacts (traffic, service pressure) significantly and demonstrably outweigh the benefits (housing supply, economic growth). If not, planning permission would likely be granted.

Conclusion:

The “tilted balance” is a critical concept in UK planning law, ensuring that housing and other development needs are met efficiently while promoting sustainable development. It helps address situations where local policies may be outdated or where there is a pressing need for development, thus ensuring that the planning system remains flexible and responsive to current needs.

It appears that the Four Marks & Medstead ward is a victim of a fatal error in decision-making

Ensuring sustainable development should be the primary goal when delivering housing targets. Sustainable development means ‘development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Granting permission to build on the basis that EHDC is failing to deliver within their target on proven housing land supply because EHDC has failed to complete work on the local development plan, without triggering a full EIA, can be considered a gross lapse in logic.

Such decisions undermine the principles of sustainable development and can lead to long-term negative consequences for the environment and the community. It is crucial that housing targets are met in a way that balances economic, social, and environmental considerations to foster resilient and thriving communities.

When a local development plan (LDP) fails to meet the land supply targets, and there is a need to grant planning permission for residential developments outside the existing LDP, especially in rural or village areas, such developments should be considered high risk.

  • Granting permission outside the LDP without thorough assessment undermines the strategic planning objectives set forth in local policies. It may also contravene national sustainability goals if the environmental impacts are not properly mitigated.
  • Developments that fall outside the structured LDP are at higher risk of being unsustainable due to the lack of integrated planning. Such developments might not align with broader sustainability goals, increasing the likelihood of significant negative impacts.
  • Developments outside the existing LDP can significantly alter the character and social fabric of village communities. These impacts need to be thoroughly evaluated to ensure that development does not detrimentally affect the quality of life of existing residents.
  • Villages and rural areas typically have less developed infrastructure compared to urban areas. This includes transportation networks, water and sanitation systems, healthcare, and educational facilities. New developments can strain these limited resources, leading to adverse environmental and social impacts.
  • Rural and village areas often possess unique environmental features, including biodiversity, landscapes, and ecosystems that are more vulnerable to development impacts. Developing outside the planned areas can lead to significant environmental degradation if not properly assessed.

Furthermore, the tilted balance is meant to ensure organisational continuity by allowing necessary development to proceed despite outdated policies. However, continuous reliance on this mechanism suggests a failure in the planning system, either due to local authorities’ incapability or unrealistic housing targets set without considering local circumstances.

Cllr Richard Millard, Leader of East Hampshire District Council, claims that “…the government’s brutal housing target which eclipses everything else in the Plan-making process. Forget the semantics that it is a ‘housing need’ figure; it is for all practical purposes a rigid target. We are not alone … It has been divisive, bruising and at times unpleasant. It has fractured communities and turned councillors against each other.”

If the East Hampshire District Council (EHDC) believes that the housing targets set for them are unreasonable or forcing them to deliver beyond their capacity, there are several avenues they can pursue to address and potentially challenge these targets.

The above statement by Cllr Richard Millard highlights a significant concern that the government’s rigid housing targets can create substantial pressures on local authorities.

It is most likely that this pressure led to inadequate care in ensuring that full Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) were conducted, resulting in significant expansions to villages without adequate consideration of sustainability and community impact.

Pressure to Meet Targets: The intense pressure to meet strict housing targets can lead local authorities to prioritise quantity over quality. This might mean rushing through planning applications and approvals without fully considering the environmental impacts.

Resource Constraints: Local planning departments might face resource constraints, especially when trying to balance numerous applications against tight deadlines. This can result in inadequate scrutiny of developments and a lack of comprehensive EIAs.

Political and Community Tensions: As noted by Cllr Millard, the housing targets can be divisive, creating political and community tensions. In such an environment, decision-makers might be more inclined to push through developments to show progress, even if it means overlooking thorough environmental assessments.

Fragmented Decision-Making: The fracturing of communities and division among councillors can lead to inconsistent decision-making. This fragmentation can result in a lack of a cohesive approach to sustainable development and environmental protection.

Incremental Development: Without proper oversight, there can be a trend toward piecemeal developments, which individually might not trigger full EIAs but cumulatively can have significant environmental impacts.

In conclusion, the need for sustainable development must remain at the forefront of planning and delivering housing targets. The continuous reliance on the tilted balance to compensate for failures in local development plans and housing supply targets is not only a gross lapse in logic but also a recipe for long-term environmental and community harm. The pressures faced by local authorities, as highlighted by Cllr Richard Millard, underscore the critical importance of thorough environmental assessments and integrated planning. Without these, the risk of unsustainable developments, especially in vulnerable rural and village areas, becomes alarmingly high. Therefore, it is imperative that planning authorities prioritise comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessments and adopt a balanced approach that safeguards our environment and communities for future generations. Sustainable development is not just a goal but a necessary foundation for fostering resilient, thriving communities that can withstand the pressures of growth and change.

References

The absence of a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) during a period of significant population increase reasonably leads to the conclusion that the current EDHC planning application process appears to be unfit for ensuring sustainable development

Between 2011 and 2021, Four Marks & Medstead ward has experienced an unprecedented 40% increase in population1. Despite this rapid growth, not a single full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been conducted for any of the developments during this period. The combined impact of recent developments in the Four Marks & Medstead ward has been significant. Thus, EHDC failed our ward in terms of their duty to ensure that they only permit development that adheres to sustainable development principles.

Applying a one-size-fits-all approach is a procedural fallacy, particularly concerning the threshold for triggering a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). This threshold should be relative to the type of settlement, varying between villages and towns. Essentially, the criteria for defining a “large development” and/or “significance” should take into account the scale and impact relative to the specific characteristics of the settlement.

This could be measured in terms of the percentage increase in dwellings or population, adjusted to reflect the smaller scale and greater sensitivity of villages compared to larger towns or urban areas. A relatively modest increase in dwellings or population in a village can significantly affect its character, infrastructure, and environment. Thus, a development considered small in a larger town may be deemed large-scale in a village context, warranting a more thorough EIA process.

The Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2017, which transpose the EIA Directive into UK law, require that the EIA process considers the “indirect” and “cumulative” effects of a project. This encompasses the combined impact of the project with other existing, approved, and delivered developments in the area. Therefore, when evaluating the environmental impact of a proposed development, it’s essential to assess not only its individual effects but also how it interacts with other past, present, and future developments in the area.

The process currently lacks effectiveness in ensuring the full impartiality of experts’ opinions considered during the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) screening application. As long as these experts are hired by the applicant or developer, there is a risk of selective use of data (choosing data or studies that support the developer’s position while disregarding contradictory evidence), underreporting of findings (minimising or omitting findings that could raise concerns about the proposed development’s impact), and framing of recommendations (proposing mitigation measures that are insufficient or unlikely to be effective).

Therefore, it is an absolute must that before permitting any further development, even relatively small estates, in the Four Marks & Medstead ward, EHDC should:

1. Conduct a post-development environmental and social assessment to identify and address any unmitigated impacts. This will ensure that any negative effects on the environment and community well-being are recognised and remedied appropriately.

2. Effectively engage with the local community to understand their concerns and involve them in decision-making processes for future developments. This inclusive approach helps to ensure that development plans align with the community’s needs and values.

3. Implement corrective measures and mitigation strategies as needed. Based on the findings from the post-development assessment, take necessary actions to mitigate adverse impacts and enhance positive outcomes for the community and environment.

4. Review the EHDC processes to prevent uncontrolled expansion without full EIA, even if the developments are of a piecemeal nature. Ensure that these smaller developments are considered significant due to their combined impact on the community and environment.

5. Ensure complete impartiality of experts providing opinions for EIA screening applications. Review and improve the EHDC processes to guarantee that expert assessments are unbiased and based on rigorous, transparent criteria, thereby maintaining public trust and credibility in the decision-making process.

These steps aim to create a more sustainable, transparent, and community-focused approach to development in the Four Marks & Medstead ward.

The absence of a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has wronged our community’s interests in the following ways:

1. Unidentified Impacts: Without an EIA, the potential environmental impacts of the development might not have been properly identified or mitigated. This includes impacts on local ecosystems, water resources, air quality, and biodiversity.

2. Uncontrolled Pollution: There could be increased pollution (air, water, noise) that has not been addressed or controlled adequately.

3. Unplanned Growth: The infrastructure may not have been upgraded to handle the increased population, leading to overburdened roads, water supply systems, sewage treatment, and public transport.

4. Service Overload: Public services like healthcare, education, and emergency services may be strained, affecting their quality and availability.

5. Missed Opportunities for Mitigation: An EIA would have identified measures to mitigate negative impacts, which are now potentially unaddressed.

6. Long-term Effects: Without an EIA, the long-term sustainability of the development is questionable. Environmental degradation and resource depletion could have lasting negative effects on the village.

7. Resilience: The village may be less resilient to future challenges such as climate change, resource scarcity, and further population growth.

8. Disruption: Existing residents may have experienced significant disruption without adequate measures to mitigate these effects.

9. Cultural Impact: The rapid increase in population could have altered the social fabric and culture of the village, potentially causing friction or loss of community identity.

References

  1. FOI – REF-191888-D3L9 – POPULATION ↩︎

I am writing to formally object to the proposed piecemeal developments in the village of Medstead, South East England

To Whom It May Concern,

I am writing to formally object to the proposed piecemeal developments in the village of Medstead, South East England. This objection is based on several critical factors that underscore the need for a comprehensive and sustainable approach to development in our community.

Proposed Residential Development Outside Settlement Policy Boundaries
Proposed Development Impact: Traffic Infrastructure Concerns
Settlement formats such as villages in South East England hold significant heritage value
Prioritising new settlements and town extensions over significant extensions to villages promotes long-term sustainability by planning for future growth in a strategic and proactive manner
Proposed Development Impact: Environmental Degradation Concerns – Conversion of Natural Land to Residential Use
The continuous expansion of the village raises significant safety concerns due to the lack of proper pedestrian infrastructure
Proposed Development Impact: Noise Pollution
The absence of a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) during a period of significant population increase reasonably leads to the conclusion that the current EDHC planning application process appears to be unfit for ensuring sustainable development
It appears that the Four Marks & Medstead ward is a victim of a fatal error in decision-making
Continuous Engagement in Disengagement: A Failure of EHDC to Ensure Public Participation